Chief Joseph's speech is about being tired of fighting. He has already lost almost everybody in his tribe, he doesn't want to lose anyone anymore. All of the elders have already died or have been killed and how the younger people were the ones that were still alive. But the elders had more experience, the younger people don't have that much experience which can lead to their death. He knows that if he continues fighting more of his tribe are going to get killed and he doesn't want that to happen, which is why he surrenders. He gives in extreme details how "the little children are freezing to death", he uses pathos to make the audience feel remorse or sad about how even kids are dying because of something stupid such as a battle which everybody just keeps dying in. He talks about how some of his people are running away trying to hide in the mountains and how they have no water and no blankets. He talks about how he has to find his children, but maybe he should look for them amongst the dead, since the conditions that they are in are really bad. Since they're is so much death around them, some people are getting lost and Chief Joseph thinks that maybe he should look for them in the dead because they have probably died already. With his last words he says "hear me chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad", it sounds like he's saying sorry to his chiefs because he is surrendering, he's telling them the reason why which is that he is tired of everybody around him dying and that he can't keep up with it no more.
Native Americans were damaged really bad by white settlers. They got killed, raped, and were enslaved by them. They had to flee their land because it was taken over by white settlers. For those who are non-natives Chief Joseph kinda explains it in his surrender speech. It's like you can hear almost the emotions that he is feeling, which are anger and mostly sadness. He doesn't want his tribe to suffer anymore because of the white settlers, so he is giving up to give them a better faith different than death.
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